Overview of Photovoltaic Power Plant Workflow and Core Equipment

A photovoltaic (PV) power plant converts sunlight into usable electricity through an integrated system, achieving the model of "self-consumption with surplus feeding to the grid." The power generation process involves four main steps: First, solar panels absorb sunlight and generate direct current (DC) electricity. Second, the DC power is converted into alternating current (AC) by an inverter. Third, the AC power is transmitted via AC cables to the PV grid-connected cabinet. Finally, the cabinet connects to the low-voltage busbar of the distribution room to complete grid integration. 

The primary equipment includes nine categories: PV modules, mounting structures, cable trays, lightning protection flat iron, conduit pipes, inverters, DC cables, AC cables, and grid cabinets. The inverter acts as the "brain" handling current conversion, while mounting and grounding systems ensure physical stability and safety; cables and trays form the energy transmission channel.

With technological evolution, modern PV systems increasingly emphasize energy storage integration and smart monitoring. Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) are shifting from optional to standard to solve intermittency, while smart inverters support AI scheduling and grid interaction. Understanding these workflows and components is vital for optimizing system design and promoting renewable energy efficiency.